Theories Of Human Development - 1401 Words

Human development is an active process resulting from interactions between an individual and their environment. The processes involved in an individual’s development and overall life outcomes are complex, everchanging, and unique. Given the complexity of human development, the central tenets of my professional conceptual foundation of development include biological factors inherent in the individual, psychological influences, and social interactions. Thus, my professional perspective can best be explained by a synthesis of theoretical foundations based on biological contributors to human development and behavior, Sameroff’s transactional ecological model, Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, Bowlby’s theory of early relationships, and†¦show more content†¦Additionally, studies show that imbalances in neurohormones relate to psychiatric disorders, learning disabilities, and aggressive behaviors (Ecker et al., 2015; Fairchild et al., 2012; Gied d et l., 2014), all of which will relate to the life experiences an individual with any of these ailments has. While my professional perspective of development considers biological influences, how these factors interact with environmental contributors can determine the negative or positive impacts on an individual’s developmental progress and life outcomes. The transactional ecological model (Sameroff, 2010) emphasizes the complexity of child development and the vast number of environmental factors that influence life outcomes. Commonly, a multitude of factors contributes to behavioral, emotional, or developmental disturbances in children rather than a single force. This model places equal emphasis on the child and the environment, and how these elements interact with each other, not independently. The model recognizes the impact of social class, gender, education, socialization, family beliefs and values, the psychological well-being of caregivers, parent/caregiver practices, family dynamics, interpersonal relationships, and how these factors interact with each other to shape an individual. Overall, this theory explains that human development and life outcomes emerge from a combination of individual differences and life experiences. Bowlby’s theory of earlyShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Development Theory1642 Words   |  7 PagesHuman development theories are theories intended to account for how and why people become, as they are. These theories provide the framework to clarify and organize existing observations and to try to explain and predict human behavior. It is important to recognize the complexity of human development and the theories that explain human development. (Berger, pg. 23). The three theories that have influenced by development are Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Humanism and Erik Erikson’sRead MoreTheories And Theories Of Human Development1337 Words   |  6 Pages10/11/17 Principles of Human Development Paper #1 The concepts and theories of human development are important for a school counselor to have knowledge on. Knowledge on these topics can aid the counselor in better understanding the circumstances of their students. There are three main developmental sections which will be discussed in this paper. Those three include physical development, cognitive development, and social development. Each section contains multiple theories and concepts that wouldRead MoreThe Theories Of Human Development774 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Human development are relevant and matter in the â€Å"real world†. In my clinical practice as a psychologist-in-training, I have found human development theories to be very useful in conceptualizing and understanding my client’s distress. I used theoretical frameworks that are based on theories of human development to guide my interventions in therapy. For example, as a brief psychodynamic clinician, I look to Freud’s theory of anxiety to und erstand how distress was developed for my clientsRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development1060 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of human development deliver a framework to deliberate human growth, development, and learning. Understanding the theories can deliver useful contents into individuals and society a set of principles and concepts that describe life span development. Development perspectives are the psychoanalytic theory, behavior theory, humanistic approach and cognitive theory. Each theory focuses on different aspects of human development. The psychoanalytic is â€Å"the approach stating that behavior is motivatedRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development1196 Words   |  5 PagesAssociation 2009 define biopsychosocial as â€Å"the systematic integration of the biological, psychological and social approaches of the study of mental health and specific mental disorders (p.48).† The human lifespan is primary base of the human grow process that start with the reproduction , the process of the human body, the brain and internal organs that are developing during the pregnancy, birth, early, middle, and late childhood, adolescence, early, middle, and late adulthood until the end of life. AdditionallyRead MoreThe Theory Of The Human Development993 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1: Of the four major psychological theories (ecological, behavioral, humanistic, psychoanalytic), which one(s) is/are most closely aligned with your personal belief system? All four major Psychological theories are very significant, but based on my reading about all of them, I can convey that the ecological theory is the most closely aligned with my personal belief system. Part 2: Why? I chose this theory because it states that a person’s development is influenced by everything in the surroundingRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development2064 Words   |  9 PagesThe life span theories is about four different theories; the psychoanalytic, behaviourism, cognitive and humanistic. Erikson has some similarities with Freud however it is extremely different in other ways. Rather than Erikson focusing on sexual interest as a driving force in development, he believed that social interaction and experience played a decisive role. Erikson has an eight stage theory of human development which describes the process from birth to death and the crisis of each stage bringsRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development2240 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The concept of human development has been explored and researched by many psychologists and scholars for centuries through the entire human history. The research done by this group of people has found out a lot about human deve lopment. This is a topic that concerns every member of the society and that’s why researchers are interested in it. Development is a topic that can be viewed from different angles. For instance, there are economists who understand human development based on a person’sRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesHuman ‘development’ does not exist in stasis – it is constantly in flux. The outcomes of human development are intrinsically linked to overarching power structures, and include psychological dimensions including social recognition. Thus, ‘development’ is dynamic and highly contextualised – it is governed by socio-economic class, domestic politics, geographical location, and the wider institutional context. Working within a particular framework requires acknowledging that concepts of human developmentRead MoreHuman Development Theories Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Development Theories In addition to Freud’s psychodynamic theory there are four other human development philosophies; biological, cognitive, behavioral and systems model. Even though these theories differ they all contain the same basic assumptions. People will continue to grow. People exhibit both stability and flux as they pass through life. People are holistic, of mind body and spirit. Lastly, individual people must be understood in the context of relationships and setting (Cash White,

Under Age Essay example - 605 Words

Eighteen year old people should be allowed to drink alcohol. When our 18th birthday roles around we become of legal age. We sign for the draft and become eligible to fight for our country. Its possible now to be charged as an adult and spend life in prison and we can now purchase tobacco products and all other drug paraphernalia. I cant drink beer though, I must wait till my 21st birthday. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As a teenager who recently turned 18 and is now of legal age my point is valid. Underage drinking becomes more of a problem day by day and we cant seem to stop it. Liquor stores check Id’s and underage kids still seem to be able to get their hands on liquor and beer. If a fake I.D does not work then an older sibling, friend†¦show more content†¦As much as we would like to stop this problem, we can’t. The only way to stop this problem is by lowering the drinking age. Many fear that the problem will heighten and become uncontrollable. However, I disagree in a sense where kids will become more responsible and not have to hide their habits and break the law to enjoy a fun-filled night. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The age of 18 just seems more reasonable. As we turn 18 we become legal adults who have access to all that is out there, except alcohol. Are the effects worse after drinking liquor when your underage rather than 21? Absolutely not. Regardless of your age alcohol will still get you drunk, therefore, a legal adult should be able to consume alcohol. Yes, kids tend to drink to get drunk and not casually drink but if you think about it economically liquor stores will benefit greatly. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Is underage drinking truly that bad? Would the government rather see us with a beer in my hand or a joint? As legal adults we can enter bars, clubs, and other areas where liquor is served but unfortunately cannot join the atmosphere in its drinking stage. There is no reason for this. No, I’m not an alcoholic or either is half the kids that like to get drunk at college parties or even on weekend nights. Yes, we are young, but we are considered legal adults as well. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Adults by nature can drink liquor freely. Eighteen year olds should be allowed to consume liquor. The termShow MoreRelatedThe Themes Listed Under Functional Age1294 Words   |  6 PagesResearch and Analysis The research analysis will now discuss the themes listed under functional age. It will elaborate on how biological, psychological and sociological factors contribute towards describing the definition of what it is to be old. As stated in my introduction, functional age has advantages over chronological age by better measuring the capabilities of an individual. Seniors are often stereotyped and underestimated that has led it to being generalized across the elder population.Read MoreAdolescent, Pre Teen And Under Age Drinking Essay1341 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent, Pre-Teen and Under Age Drinking Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the serious problems and concerns associated with adolescent, pre-teen and underage drinking. Central Idea: Three things that my audience will learn about adolescent, pre-teen, underage drinking are as follows: Risk Factors that may cause underage alcohol use and abuse, Prevention of underage alcohol use and abuse, and the Benefits of not participating in underage alcohol use and abuse. I. Introduction: CONFUSION†¦FORGETFULLNESS†¦ARGUMENITIVENESS†¦LOSSRead MoreHomeless Adolescents Under The Age Of Eighteen2409 Words   |  10 PagesSeparate Shelters are needed for Homeless Adolescents under the age of Eighteen. Deanna Marzolf Angela Chew Fayetteville State University Author Note Social Work 410 Dr. Erica Campbell Abstract In communities across the nation, homeless adolescents under the age of eighteen are surviving on the streets alone and afraid. The availability of homeless shelters, for this demographic, areRead MoreDiarrhoea in Children under the Age of Five1163 Words   |  5 PagesDiarrhoea is the second leading cause of death among children under the age of five. Almost one in five child deaths is due to diarrhoea. The illness kills more young children than AIDS, malaria and measles combined. With an astounding 1.5 million children each year dying from this communicable disease .Young children, the elderly and people with compromised immune systems are particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), aboutRead MoreChild Soldiers And Children Under The Age Of 181419 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"For child soldiers, everyday is a living nightmare† (Chatterjee, 2012). Child soldiers are children under the age of 18 who are used in the military for any source of benefit. Child soldiers worldwide have become a huge issue, leading to many unnecessary deaths as well as lifelong mental trauma. According to â€Å"For Child Soldiers, Every Day is a Living Nightmare† 90% of the child soldiers in Liberia show post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as 65% showing depression post-war. DevelopingRead MoreMy Proposal For Children Under The Age Of Six980 Words   |  4 PagesYi Qu Dr. Anne Heintzman 2014/10/30 Word Count: 980 Competitive Analysis Introduction My proposal is for helping children under the age of six in China stand to benefit from increased access to high quality preschool education. Since 1979, the one-child policy has been in effect for 30 years in China. The first generation of single child are now growing into childbearing age. The one-child policy in China is altering family roles and child-rearing practices, raising concerns about the possible harmfulRead MoreThe Effects Of Pertussis On Infants Under The Age Of One Essay728 Words   |  3 Pagesinfants under the age of one in Bell County. As mentioned earlier, pertussis is given to infants at the age of two, four and six months (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Even though, a number of the infants acquire this immunization, their immunity still lacks. In 2012, there was a report of 21 confirmed cases in the local area of pertussis and 20 that were unconfirmed (Fort Hood Sentinel, 2012). There was a confirmation that pertussis was seen in children und er the age of one. AdditionallyRead MoreThe Rates Of Young Women Under The Age Of 212315 Words   |  10 PagesCarolina Central University Graduate Studies- Department of Criminal Justice Research Methods Paper Olivia Simone McDonald Purpose/ Background The purpose of this research is to identify and determine if The Rates of Young Women Under the Age of 21 Who Are Taken for Involuntarily Prostitution by Human Traffickers in the United States is Rapidly Increasing.  This methodology will include the Purpose/Background, Research Hypotheses, Research design, Sampling, Mode of Data Collection, andRead MoreReducing Pertussis Children Under The Age Of One Years1211 Words   |  5 PagesReducing Pertussis in Children under the Age of One Years Healthy People 2020 The group chose to focus on the pertussis immunization in infants. Infants are the most vulnerable when it comes to communicable diseases. Though many children under the age of one year stay home during the day, they can be considered at high risk just as those that attend other daycare and child care settings. This is because older siblings can carry home illness that can be contracted by the infant as easily as beingRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is Committed By A Minor Under The Age Of 18979 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile delinquency refers to a status offense that is committed by a minor under the age of 18. Status offenses include crimes against property, for example, vandalism or stealing, physical violence against others for example, aggravated assault, murder, other crimes such as drug abuse violations, curfew and loitering, and driving under the influence; and sexual crimes for example sexual assault or rape (Enginurt, Ozer, Demir, Yildirim, Cankaya, 2014; Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency

Authenticity Within Hospitality Industry free essay sample

Due to globalization and a world increasingly filled with deliberately stage experiences within the hospitality industry, consumers crave for authenticity. Instead of making the employees as cast members or puppets, the organization must identify what makes it authentic by finding the deeper meaning of the organization’s DNA and involving their staff members through-out the process, frontline staff in particular. Zaina Ibrahim BA of International Hospitality Management University College of Northern Denmark On one occasion, however, we left disappointed and couldn’t pinpoint why: all of the service tangibles were present. What had been missing, however, was authenticity on the part of the staff; they said and did all the â€Å"right† things, but failed to be fully engaged and invested in their actions and words — they were not authentic. † (McCrary 2008) Authenticity in Tourism and Hospitality is of a high demand both personally and professionally. Due to globalization, virtualisation and rapid development, there is nothing left un-touched, it is a challenge to define what? s fake and what? s real. Living in an artificial world filled with deliberately stage experiences, people crave for authenticity. Gilmore and Pine II indicate that goods and services are no longer enough; what consumers want today are experiences – memorable events that engage them in an inherently personal way and they choose to buy based on how real they perceive an offering to be. Business today, therefore, is all about being real, original, genuine, sincere and authentic. (Gilmore and Pine II, 2007) In the hospitality industry, consumers play an important role on how to develop or improve the product and services offered within the industry. According to Ian Yeoman who is a professional futurologist specializing in travel and tourism, authenticity evolves because consumers search for exceptional experience, special moments that are original and real. (Yeoman, 2008) Consumers have the power to voice out their satisfaction or dissatisfaction to the whole world via online rating sites like Tripadvisor. The majority of those comments are about experiences they had during their travelling period. The factors that have the biggest impact on guests are when hotel guests have had a bad experience due to poor services from the front line staff. In Tom McCrarys case, how can a frontline staff portray a service that is totally different from what the organization is promoting? This question is interesting because it sheds light on the importance of a mutual understanding on authenticity within all staff members of the hotel. Not just to act authentic but to be authentic as a professional. How hoteliers define authenticity will have an effect on how they practice authenticity in reality. There for it is interesting to direct attention to the understandings of authenticity within a hotels organisation. Zaina Ibrahim /International Hospitality Management (2012) Page 2 This research will focus on the hotel industry. Instead of focusing externally on what the consumers define as authentic experiences, the study is going to highlight authenticity seen from an organizational development platform. The attention will particularly be oriented towards the frontline staffs that constantly are in direct interaction with hotel guests. In order for a hotel to provide real authentic experiences it is of high necessity that the organization itself is able to find and define its authenticity. The hotel has to address the question: â€Å"What is the deeper meaning of our existence, what is our DNA that makes us stand out from the others looking beyond profitable goals? (Senge, 2010) If a hotel fails to work with these questions in cooperation with the employees it might lead to fakeness or a mismatch between what the hotel portrays to provide and what the front liners actually provide in their actions. The hypothesis of this synopsis is that in order for a hotel to provide sustainable authentic experiences, hoteliers within the hotel need to have mutual understandings of the hotels authenticity or DNA. This is the foundation for being able to provide authentic products and services. This leads to the investigation of: How do hoteliers from different departments of a hotel conceptualize â€Å"authenticity†? What are the connections between these conceptualizations and the way the hotel provide authentic experiences in practice? It is important to underline that this synopsis mainly focuses on the first part of the problem formulation – â€Å"How do hoteliers conceptualize â€Å"authenticity†. The second part of the problem formulation can only be answered after analyse the empirical data regarding the first question. Zaina Ibrahim /International Hospitality Management (2012) Page 3 Theory of Science Social Constructionism The scientific foundation of this synopsis is based on social constructionism. It is with the lens of social constructionism this paper is going to try to conceptualise authenticity. Before beginning this process it? s important to understand what social constructionism is? Social constructionism focuses on uncovering the ways in which individuals and groups participate in the creation of their perceived social reality. Knowledge and truth is socially constructed and there for not objectively given. When people interact they socially construct their reality, which means reality is constantly constructed and reproduced. Constructionists view knowledge and truth as created not discovered by the mind (Schwandt, 2003) and supports the view that being a realist is not inconsistent with being a constructionist. Language and communication play an important role in social constructionism as language creates and recreates reality instead of being a result of reality. In other words it is through communication and conceptualization that our lives become meaningful and through that we learn. It is through constant affirmation and negotiation of meaning people coordinate realities and significance; hence it will be hollow for a social constructionist to research without engaging in human interaction in meaningful contexts. Communicating through language brings concepts across and provides means of structuring the way the world is experienced. (Arbnor Bjerke, 2009) Zaina Ibrahim /International Hospitality Management (2012) Page 4 A social constructionist will not be interested in finding the real essence of authenticity nor reaching a closed and definitive definition of the concept. Instead the focus will be on how the people within the hotel industry conceptualise and use authenticity in their working lives. The word ‘authenticity’ will only become meaningful for a social constructionist in the instant where it becomes an objective for negotiating and coordination of meaning. The interest will be on how people socially conceptualize the term ‘authenticity’ and use it to co-construct meaningful realities. Social Constructionism view on this study In order to create substantial authenticity throughout the hotel organization you need to direct the attention to how the hoteliers from the General Manager to the Receptionist conceptualize authenticity. Authenticity meaning what is the hotel’s DNA or what is the organization put in this world to do looking beyond goals of profitability. To do this, it? important to stress that real authenticity has to come from within the hotel organization itself and not be constructed from the consumer’s perception or seen as an instrumental tool. Implementing authenticity could sound very instrumental but in fact it involves a deeper form of reflection and learning because it evolves the identity of the hotel. There for it is very difficult and probably time-consuming for an organization to work wit h authenticity but it is necessary to include this internal change process in order to provide sustainable authentic experiences without faking or acting. Research Methodology Qualitative Research From a social constructionists point of view qualitative research methods are preferable, because it is the method which can unfold how language is used to construct reality and create meaning. There for qualitative research will be used on this study to collect empirical data. More over by using qualitative research, the opportunity of seeing it through the eyes of the hoteliers being studied is an advantage. What is qualitative research? It is a research strategy that emphasize words rather than quantification in the collection and analysis of data (Bryman,2008). The main steps of qualitative research which will be implemented during the process of collecting the data are attached. See appendix 1. Zaina Ibrahim /International Hospitality Management (2012) Page 5 Semi-structured interviewing Semi-structured interviewing would be the best method to apply because it is a two way communication which can be used to use to gather qualitative information. Most importantly it provides the opportunity for learning from a social constructionist point of view. What is semi-structured interviewing? A researcher has a list of specific questions to be covered, usually referred to as an interview guide but the interviewee has a great deal of flexibility and freedom in how to reply. As the interviewer pick up things from the interviewee, the interviewer might ask questions that is not in the guide. The interview process is flexible and emphasizes more on how the interviewee understands the issues or subject. Bryman, 2008) The reason semi-structured interview is chosen for this research is because it not only provides answers but it provides the reasons of the answer. The relatively unstructured nature of the interview has the capacity to provide insights into how hoteliers from different departments conceptualize ‘authenticity’ and connects it to their work. Interviewing one representative from every department in a relaxed atmosp here, without the intervention from other staff members, will hopefully result in very sincere and authentic interviews. Hopefully the employees will unfold their true stories regarding authenticity. Semi-structured interviewing steps procedures: Step 1 Planning interviews 1) Identifying respondents 2) Number of interviews 3) Preparing interviews Step 2 Interviewing respondents 1) Initiating interviews 2) Conducting interviews 3) Concluding interviews Step 3 Data analysis Zaina Ibrahim /International Hospitality Management (2012) Page 6 Data Analysis Narrative analysis Narrative analysis is suitable for analysing this research data because of how it can explore and identify identity and its focus on the role of stories in creating and maintaining organizational identity, culture and structure. This is supported by Riessmen, narrative is a basic human way of making sense of the world – we lead ‘storied lives’ (Riessman, 1993) What is narrative analysis? This particular study requires a story telling, because it can help make sense of the events the hoteliers have experienced. Critical reflections There is a paradox in this research. It was stated that interaction and engagement in relations are key aspects of sense-making. However this synopsis is only done by the researcher alone without any disturbance from outside that could change knowledge, perception and reality. The interviewer needs to be aware that she indirectly is a co-creator of reality. The interactions thereby influence the negotiating of meaning. Reflecting on the power of words, it is important to reflect on the language that the interviewer brings into the interview. This is because the words chosen by the interviewer will affect the interviewee. It is of a high importance to give space and freedom for the interviewee to unfold her untold stories and remember that the interviewer is also an intervener. In semi-structured interviews viewpoints must be covered during the interview because this method is the way of capturing perceptions and concerns of the hotel staff. Lastly the interviewer needs to practice the skills of intense listening and provide questions that can unfold stories. Limitations This research has several limitations; it does not focus on consumers as important as they may be. Yes it is important to consider consumers during this process, however in this case the first step or phase is to achieve authenticity by looking at the organization itself.

Quebec Winter Carnival Essays (522 words) - Parades, Mardi Gras

Quebec Winter Carnival The Quebec Winter Carnival Quebec City is the World's Snow Capital. Quebec City held its first winter carnival in 1894. It was an elaborate celebration that provided people with relief from the cold harsh winter. In the sixty years that followed these winter carnivals were organized periodically. It wasn't until 1955 that a group of local businessmen decided that an annual carnival would be a good way to stimulate the economy during the long winter months. The Quebec Carnival grew to become Quebec City's third-largest industry, far surpassing its organizers dreams. The Carnival's activities reflect the character and the tastes of the modern-day people. They also include many of Quebec's most famous traditions. Beautiful snow sculptures as well as the traditional canoe race across the mighty St. Lawrence River are as spectacular and as popular as ever. Since 1955, the Quebec Winter Carnival was recognized as the World's biggest winter celebration, and is the third largest carnival, after those in Rio and New Orleans. Today Quebec City's historic streets are filled with people of all ages, anxious to experience the joys of winter at the world-famous Quebec Carnival. The Quebec Carnival offers a wide variety of sporting events. The legendary International Canoe Race, a popular tradition since the very first Carnival, is a true test of courage and determination. Teams from around the world attempt to cross the mighty St. Lawrence River between Quebec City and Levis must battle ice floes, treacherous currents, and freezing temperatures. There's also something called the Roll in the snow, for participants dressed only in a bathing suit. The provincial dogsled racing Championship called La Grande viree , the Soapbox Derby, the Car Race on ice and the Cross Country skiing Classic of the Quebec Winter Carnival are just some of the activities at the Quebec Winter Carnival. The Carnival has brightly-lit night parades which are the most colorful part of its program. Each year, more than 500,000 spectators bundle up to attend the exciting event which features fabulous floats, smartly dressed marching bands, and clowns. Elaborate parades also wind through the streets of City, with music and enchantment. The International Snow Sculpture is one of the Carnival's most popular activities and essentially its finest art exhibit. This event has attracted sculptors from around the globe, who have created splendid and imaginative works. In 1998, 21 countries took part in the International category. Despite its severe northern climate, Quebec City is a popular winter tourist destination. Hundreds of Thousands people participate in the Carnival's activities each year. Of these, 60 000 come from outside Quebec province, thereby providing sizeable revenue for local hotels and restaurants. The Carnival is a driving force in Quebec's tourist industry. A 1997 study conducted by Le Groupe Leger et Leger indicated that the economic impact of the Quebec Winter Carnival could be evaluated at $48 millions. The Quebec Winter Carnival has many activities for all ages. Activities range from simple exhibits to spectacular exhibits of ice sculptures. You can take part in games and enjoy outside sports and cultural events with yours friends and family. English Essays